- Friedrich Merz’s CDU/CSU Secures 28.5% of the Vote
- Far-Right AfD Achieves Historic 20.5%, Doubling Previous Support
- Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s SPD Records Worst Postwar Result at 16.4%
- Greens and Left Party Gain 11.6% and 8.8% Respectively
- Complex Coalition Talks Anticipated Amid Political Fragmentation
In the national election on February 23, 2025, Germany’s conservative bloc, led by Friedrich Merz, secured victory with 28.5% of the vote. The far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) made history by gaining 20.5%, its best performance since World War II. Meanwhile, Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s Social Democratic Party (SPD) faced a crushing defeat, earning only 16.4%—its worst postwar result.
The election came earlier than expected after Scholz’s coalition collapsed in November 2024. Public dissatisfaction was evident, with voters mainly concerned about economic stagnation and immigration policies. Merz stressed the importance of swift government formation, saying, “The world out there isn’t waiting for us.” His campaign focused on economic stability and stricter immigration control.
Other parties saw varied results. The Greens received 11.6%, maintaining a steady presence and likely influencing coalition talks. The Left Party captured 8.8%, contributing to left-wing policy debates. AfD’s success was largely due to strong support from young and working-class voters, particularly in former East German states.
AfD’s Rising Influence and Coalition Dilemma
The AfD’s rise is due to strong support from young and working-class voters, especially in former East German states. Public frustration over economic stagnation, immigration policies, and political fragmentation fueled this shift. Despite the AfD’s impressive gains, mainstream parties, including Merz’s CDU/CSU, firmly reject any coalition with them. Even so, AfD co-leader Alice Weidel remains open, stating, “Our hand remains outstretched to form a government.”
The SPD faced a disappointing outcome, leading to internal turmoil. Chancellor Scholz admitted defeat, calling it “a bitter election result.” This significant loss highlights public dissatisfaction with how the coalition managed crucial issues like the economy and immigration. Scholz’s leadership now faces scrutiny, and potential challenges could emerge from within his party. The SPD must address these concerns to regain public trust.
Merz now faces the challenge of forming a coalition government in a politically divided landscape. His options include forming a Grand Coalition with the SPD, though ideological differences make it difficult. Another possibility is an alliance with the Greens and FDP, which could create a centrist coalition balancing economic and environmental priorities. He could also consider a minority government, but this would likely face legislative hurdles.
Merz aims to establish a government by mid-April, fully aware of the complexities ahead. He has also emphasized Europe’s need to achieve “real independence” from the U.S., suggesting possible changes in foreign policy. This stance could redefine Germany’s international relations. As political negotiations continue, Germany watches closely to see how Merz navigates these challenges.
Global Reactions and Implications
International reactions poured in swiftly, highlighting the geopolitical importance of Germany’s election outcome. French President Emmanuel Macron expressed his eagerness to work with Merz for a “strong and sovereign Europe.” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky congratulated Merz, emphasizing stronger European ties. Meanwhile, U.S. President Donald Trump praised the conservative victory, noting shared views on immigration and energy policies.
The election results could reshape Germany’s role in EU policymaking and its global relations, especially with the U.S., Russia, and China. They also highlight a shift in Germany’s political landscape, marked by the rise of the far-right and challenges in forming a stable government. As coalition talks begin, Germany’s domestic and foreign policy directions remain crucial for both national and international stakeholders.